{"id":2911,"date":"2026-09-29T14:43:38","date_gmt":"2026-09-29T14:43:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/accountability.tn\/?p=2911"},"modified":"2026-11-02T09:57:26","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T09:57:26","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%85-54-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%91%d9%84%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%aa%d9%87%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/accountability.tn\/en\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%85-54-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%91%d9%84%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%aa%d9%87%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 54: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2911\" class=\"elementor elementor-2911\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-688f97d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"688f97d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-428e990 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"428e990\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\n<head>\n    <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n    <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n    <title>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 54: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633<\/title>\n    <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n    <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n    <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Cairo:wght@400;600;700;800;900&family=Tajawal:wght@400;500;700;800&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n    <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/font-awesome\/6.4.0\/css\/all.min.css\">\n    \n    <style>\n        \/* \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0637 Janna LT Arabic *\/\n        @font-face {\n            font-family: 'Janna LT Arabic';\n            src: local('Janna LT Arabic'), local('JannaLT-Regular');\n            font-weight: normal;\n        }\n        @font-face {\n            font-family: 'Janna LT Arabic';\n            src: local('Janna LT Arabic Bold'), local('JannaLT-Bold');\n            font-weight: bold;\n        }\n\n        :root {\n            \/* \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 *\/\n            --bg-body: #f8fafc;\n            --bg-card: #ffffff;\n            --bg-header: #0f172a;\n            --text-main: #1e293b;\n            --text-muted: #475569;\n            --accent-primary: #1d4ed8; \n            --accent-gold: #f59e0b;    \n            --border-color: #cbd5e1;\n            --shadow-md: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.1), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);\n            --shadow-lg: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1), 0 4px 6px -2px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);\n            --radius-md: 12px;\n        }\n\n        \/* \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646 *\/\n        [data-theme=\"dark\"] {\n            --bg-body: #020617;\n            --bg-card: #0f172a;\n            --bg-header: #020617;\n            --text-main: #f1f5f9;      \n            --text-muted: #94a3b8;\n            --accent-primary: #3b82f6; \n            --accent-gold: #fbbf24;\n            --border-color: #1e293b;\n            --shadow-md: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.7);\n            --shadow-lg: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0,0,0,0.8);\n        }\n\n        * {\n            box-sizing: border-box;\n            margin: 0;\n            padding: 0;\n            transition: background-color 0.35s ease, color 0.35s ease, border-color 0.35s ease;\n        }\n\n        body {\n            font-family: 'Janna LT Arabic', 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', sans-serif;\n            background-color: var(--bg-body);\n            color: var(--text-main);\n            line-height: 2.15;\n            font-size: 20px;\n            overflow-x: hidden;\n            width: 100%;\n        }\n\n        \/* \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 *\/\n        #reading-progress {\n            position: fixed;\n            top: 0;\n            right: 0;\n            height: 5px;\n            background: linear-gradient(90deg, #1d4ed8, #f59e0b, #fbbf24);\n            width: 0%;\n            z-index: 10000;\n            transition: width 0.1s ease;\n        }\n\n        \/* \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a *\/\n        .navbar {\n            position: sticky;\n            top: 0;\n            background-color: var(--bg-card);\n            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);\n            padding: 12px 4%;\n            display: flex;\n            justify-content: space-between;\n            align-items: center;\n            z-index: 1000;\n            box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);\n            width: 100%;\n        }\n\n        .navbar-brand {\n            font-weight: 900;\n            font-size: 1.3rem;\n            color: var(--accent-primary);\n            display: flex;\n            align-items: center;\n            gap: 12px;\n            text-decoration: none;\n        }\n\n        .navbar-brand i { color: var(--accent-gold); font-size: 1.5rem; }\n        .navbar-tools { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n\n        .tool-btn {\n            background: var(--bg-body); border: 1px solid var(--border-color); color: var(--text-main);\n            padding: 7px 16px; border-radius: 10px; cursor: pointer;\n            font-family: 'Janna LT Arabic', 'Cairo', sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 0.95rem; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;\n        }\n        .tool-btn:hover { border-color: var(--accent-gold); color: var(--accent-gold); }\n\n        \/* \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a *\/\n        .hero {\n            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #020617 0%, #1e3a8a 100%);\n            padding: 110px 4% 90px 4%; text-align: center; position: relative; overflow: hidden; width: 100%;\n        }\n        .hero::after {\n            content: \"\"; position: absolute; bottom: -50px; left: -10%; width: 120%; height: 100px;\n            background: var(--bg-body); transform: rotate(-1.5deg);\n        }\n        .hero h1 { \n            color: #ffffff !important;\n            font-size: 3.2rem; \n            font-weight: 900; \n            margin-bottom: 20px; \n            line-height: 1.4; \n            text-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.5); \n            max-width: 1300px; \n            margin-left: auto; \n            margin-right: auto; \n        }\n        .hero .author { font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--accent-gold); margin-top: 20px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; gap: 10px; }\n\n        \/* \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 *\/\n        .toc-top-container { width: 90%; max-width: 1400px; margin: 40px auto 50px auto; background: transparent; padding: 10px; }\n        .toc-top-container h3 { font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 900; margin-bottom: 25px; color: var(--accent-primary); display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--accent-gold); padding-bottom: 15px; }\n        .toc-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr)); gap: 15px; list-style: none; }\n        .toc-grid a { text-decoration: none; color: var(--text-main); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.1rem; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; padding: 14px 20px; border-radius: 12px; background: var(--bg-card); border: 1px solid var(--border-color); transition: all 0.3s ease; box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }\n        .toc-grid a:hover { background: rgba(29, 78, 216, 0.05); color: var(--accent-primary); border-color: var(--accent-primary); transform: translateY(-4px); box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); }\n\n        \/* \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a *\/\n        .article-main { width: 90%; max-width: 1100px; margin: 0 auto; padding-bottom: 80px; }\n        .article-section { background: transparent; border: none; padding: 20px 0 40px 0; scroll-margin-top: 100px; width: 100%; }\n        .article-section h2 { font-size: 2.2rem; font-weight: 900; color: var(--accent-primary); margin-bottom: 30px; position: relative; padding-right: 25px; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 40px; }\n        .article-section h2::before { content: \"\"; position: absolute; top: 5px; right: 0; width: 8px; height: calc(100% - 10px); background: var(--accent-gold); border-radius: 6px; }\n        .article-section p { margin-bottom: 28px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2.3; font-size: 1.15em; color: var(--text-main); }\n        .intro-text { font-size: 1.35em !important; font-weight: 600; color: var(--text-main); line-height: 2 !important; border-right: 4px solid var(--accent-gold); padding-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 40px !important; background: var(--bg-card); padding: 30px; border-radius: var(--radius-md); box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }\n        \n        \/* \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 4:3) *\/\n        .image-container {\n            width: 100%;\n            max-width: 1100px;\n            margin: 60px auto;\n            background: var(--bg-header);\n            border-radius: var(--radius-md);\n            overflow: hidden;\n            box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);\n            \/* \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a *\/\n            opacity: 0;\n            transform: translateY(30px);\n            transition: opacity 1s ease, transform 1s ease;\n        }\n\n        .image-container.in-view {\n            opacity: 1;\n            transform: translateY(0);\n        }\n\n        .content-img {\n            width: 100%;\n            height: auto;\n            aspect-ratio: 4 \/ 3; \/* \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 4:3 *\/\n            object-fit: contain; \/* \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0635 *\/\n            display: block;\n            background-color: #000; \/* \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b *\/\n        }\n\n        \/* \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0629 *\/\n        .summary-section { margin-top: 80px; padding-top: 40px; border-top: 2px dashed var(--border-color); }\n        .summary-section h2 { text-align: center; font-size: 2.2rem; font-weight: 900; color: var(--accent-primary); margin-bottom: 40px; }\n        .summary-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr)); gap: 25px; }\n        .summary-card { background: var(--bg-card); border: 1px solid var(--border-color); padding: 30px; border-radius: var(--radius-md); box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); transition: transform 0.3s ease, border-color 0.3s ease; position: relative; overflow: hidden; }\n        .summary-card::before { content: ''; position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; width: 5px; height: 100%; background: var(--accent-gold); }\n        .summary-card:hover { transform: translateY(-8px); border-color: var(--accent-gold); box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); }\n        .summary-card h4 { color: var(--accent-primary); font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 800; margin-bottom: 15px; line-height: 1.5; }\n        .summary-card p { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.8; margin-bottom: 0; color: var(--text-main); }\n\n        @media (max-width: 768px) {\n            .hero h1 { font-size: 2.1rem; }\n            .article-section h2 { font-size: 1.8rem; }\n            .toc-top-container { width: 95%; margin: 20px auto; }\n            .article-main { width: 95%; }\n            .summary-section h2 { font-size: 1.8rem; }\n            .intro-text { font-size: 1.15em !important; padding: 20px; }\n            .image-container { margin: 40px auto; }\n        }\n    <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n    <div id=\"reading-progress\"><\/div>\n\n    <nav class=\"navbar\">\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"navbar-brand\">\n            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-scale-balanced\"><\/i>\n            <span>\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/span>\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"navbar-tools\">\n            <button class=\"tool-btn\" id=\"btn-theme\" title=\"\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\"><i class=\"fa-solid fa-moon\"><\/i><span class=\"btn-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646<\/span><\/button>\n            <button class=\"tool-btn\" id=\"btn-font-dec\" title=\"\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\">A-<\/button>\n            <button class=\"tool-btn\" id=\"btn-font-reset\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\">A<\/button>\n            <button class=\"tool-btn\" id=\"btn-font-inc\" title=\"\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\">A+<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/nav>\n\n    <header class=\"hero\">\n        <h1>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 54: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633<\/h1>\n        <div class=\"author\">\n            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-pen-nib\"><\/i> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\n        <\/div>\n    <\/header>\n\n    <section class=\"toc-top-container\">\n        <h3><i class=\"fa-solid fa-list-ul\"><\/i> \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644<\/h3>\n        <ul class=\"toc-grid\">\n            <li><a href=\"#sec-intro\"><i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-left\"><\/i> \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n            <li><a href=\"#sec-history\"><i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-left\"><\/i> \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/a><\/li>\n            <li><a href=\"#sec-decree\"><i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-left\"><\/i> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645: \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/a><\/li>\n            <li><a href=\"#sec-impact\"><i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-left\"><\/i> \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u061f<\/a><\/li>\n            <li><a href=\"#sec-institutions\"><i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-left\"><\/i> \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <main class=\"article-main\">\n\n        <!-- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 -->\n        <section id=\"sec-intro\" class=\"article-section\">\n            <p class=\"intro-text\">\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 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data-src=\"https:\/\/accountability.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Person_overlooking_city_from_roo\u2026_20260929161700.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a\" class=\"content-img\">\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b) -->\n        <section id=\"sec-decree\" class=\"article-section\">\n            <h2>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u061f<\/h2>\n            <p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 54 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a 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