\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629: \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/title>\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Cairo:wght@400;600;700;800;900&family=Tajawal:wght@400;500;700;800&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/font-awesome\/6.4.0\/css\/all.min.css\">\n \n <style>\n @font-face {\n font-family: 'Janna LT Arabic';\n src: local('Janna LT Arabic'), local('JannaLT-Regular');\n font-weight: normal;\n }\n @font-face {\n font-family: 'Janna LT Arabic';\n src: local('Janna LT Arabic Bold'), local('JannaLT-Bold');\n font-weight: bold;\n }\n\n :root {\n \/* \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 *\/\n --bg-body: #f8fafc;\n --bg-card: #ffffff;\n --bg-header: #0f172a;\n --text-main: #1e293b;\n --text-muted: #475569;\n --accent-primary: #1d4ed8; \n --accent-gold: #f59e0b; \n --border-color: #cbd5e1;\n --shadow-md: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.1), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);\n --shadow-lg: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1), 0 4px 6px -2px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);\n --radius-md: 12px;\n }\n\n \/* \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646 *\/\n [data-theme=\"dark\"] {\n --bg-body: #020617;\n --bg-card: #0f172a;\n --bg-header: #020617;\n --text-main: #f1f5f9; \n --text-muted: #94a3b8;\n --accent-primary: #3b82f6; \n --accent-gold: #fbbf24;\n --border-color: #1e293b;\n --shadow-md: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.7);\n --shadow-lg: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0,0,0,0.8);\n }\n\n * {\n box-sizing: border-box;\n margin: 0;\n padding: 0;\n transition: background-color 0.35s ease, color 0.35s ease, border-color 0.35s ease;\n }\n\n body {\n font-family: 'Janna LT Arabic', 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', sans-serif;\n background-color: var(--bg-body);\n color: var(--text-main);\n line-height: 2.15;\n font-size: 20px;\n overflow-x: hidden;\n width: 100%;\n }\n\n #reading-progress {\n position: fixed;\n top: 0;\n right: 0;\n height: 5px;\n background: linear-gradient(90deg, #1d4ed8, #f59e0b, #fbbf24);\n width: 0%;\n z-index: 10000;\n transition: width 0.1s ease;\n }\n\n .navbar {\n position: sticky;\n top: 0;\n background-color: var(--bg-card);\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);\n padding: 12px 4%;\n display: flex;\n justify-content: space-between;\n align-items: center;\n z-index: 1000;\n box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);\n width: 100%;\n }\n\n .navbar-brand {\n font-weight: 900;\n font-size: 1.3rem;\n color: var(--accent-primary);\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 12px;\n text-decoration: none;\n }\n\n .navbar-brand i { color: var(--accent-gold); font-size: 1.5rem; }\n .navbar-tools { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n\n .tool-btn {\n background: var(--bg-body); border: 1px solid var(--border-color); color: var(--text-main);\n padding: 7px 16px; border-radius: 10px; cursor: pointer;\n font-family: 'Janna LT Arabic', 'Cairo', sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 0.95rem; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;\n }\n .tool-btn:hover { border-color: var(--accent-gold); color: var(--accent-gold); }\n\n .hero {\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, #020617 0%, #1e3a8a 100%);\n padding: 110px 4% 90px 4%; text-align: center; position: relative; overflow: hidden; width: 100%;\n }\n .hero::after {\n content: \"\"; position: absolute; bottom: -50px; left: -10%; width: 120%; height: 100px;\n background: var(--bg-body); transform: rotate(-1.5deg);\n }\n \/* \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b *\/\n .hero h1 { \n color: #ffffff !important;\n font-size: 3.2rem; \n font-weight: 900; \n margin-bottom: 20px; \n line-height: 1.4; \n text-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.5); \n max-width: 1300px; \n margin-left: auto; \n margin-right: auto; \n }\n .hero .author { font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--accent-gold); margin-top: 20px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; gap: 10px; }\n\n .toc-top-container { width: 90%; max-width: 1400px; margin: 40px auto 50px auto; background: transparent; padding: 10px; }\n .toc-top-container h3 { font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 900; margin-bottom: 25px; color: var(--accent-primary); display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--accent-gold); padding-bottom: 15px; }\n .toc-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr)); gap: 15px; list-style: none; }\n .toc-grid a { text-decoration: none; color: var(--text-main); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.1rem; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; padding: 14px 20px; border-radius: 12px; background: var(--bg-card); border: 1px solid var(--border-color); transition: all 0.3s ease; box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }\n .toc-grid a:hover { background: rgba(29, 78, 216, 0.05); color: var(--accent-primary); border-color: var(--accent-primary); transform: translateY(-4px); box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); }\n\n .article-main { width: 90%; max-width: 1100px; margin: 0 auto; padding-bottom: 80px; }\n .article-section { background: transparent; border: none; padding: 20px 0 40px 0; scroll-margin-top: 100px; width: 100%; }\n .article-section h2 { font-size: 2.2rem; font-weight: 900; color: var(--accent-primary); margin-bottom: 30px; position: relative; padding-right: 25px; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 40px; }\n .article-section h2::before { content: \"\"; position: absolute; top: 5px; right: 0; width: 8px; height: calc(100% - 10px); background: var(--accent-gold); border-radius: 6px; }\n .article-section p { margin-bottom: 28px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2.3; font-size: 1.15em; color: var(--text-main); }\n \n .scroll-image-showcase { margin: 70px 0; perspective: 1500px; width: 100vw; position: relative; left: 50%; right: 50%; margin-left: -50vw; margin-right: -50vw; }\n .scroll-image-frame { position: relative; height: 75vh; width: 100%; border-radius: 0; overflow: hidden; background-color: var(--bg-header); transform-style: preserve-3d; transform: rotateX(15deg) scale(0.92) translateY(50px); filter: blur(15px) brightness(0.4); transition: transform 1.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), filter 1.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1); }\n .scroll-image-showcase.in-view .scroll-image-frame { transform: rotateX(0deg) scale(1) translateY(0px); filter: blur(0px) brightness(1); }\n .scroll-image-img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; transition: transform 2s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1); }\n .scroll-image-showcase:hover .scroll-image-img { transform: scale(1.04); }\n\n .summary-section { margin-top: 80px; padding-top: 40px; border-top: 2px dashed var(--border-color); }\n .summary-section h2 { text-align: center; font-size: 2.2rem; font-weight: 900; color: var(--accent-primary); margin-bottom: 40px; }\n .summary-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr)); gap: 25px; }\n .summary-card { background: var(--bg-card); border: 1px solid var(--border-color); padding: 30px; border-radius: var(--radius-md); box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); transition: transform 0.3s ease, border-color 0.3s ease; position: relative; overflow: hidden; }\n .summary-card::before { content: ''; position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; width: 5px; height: 100%; background: var(--accent-gold); }\n .summary-card:hover { transform: translateY(-8px); border-color: var(--accent-gold); box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); }\n .summary-card h4 { color: var(--accent-primary); font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 800; margin-bottom: 15px; line-height: 1.5; }\n .summary-card p { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.8; margin-bottom: 0; color: var(--text-main); }\n\n @media (max-width: 768px) {\n .hero h1 { font-size: 2.1rem; }\n .article-section h2 { font-size: 1.8rem; }\n .scroll-image-frame { height: 45vh; }\n .toc-top-container { width: 95%; margin: 20px auto; }\n .article-main { width: 95%; }\n .summary-section h2 { font-size: 1.8rem; }\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n <div id=\"reading-progress\"><\/div>\n\n <nav class=\"navbar\">\n <a href=\"#\" class=\"navbar-brand\">\n <i class=\"fa-solid fa-scale-balanced\"><\/i>\n <span>\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <div class=\"navbar-tools\">\n <button class=\"tool-btn\" id=\"btn-theme\" title=\"\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\"><i class=\"fa-solid fa-moon\"><\/i><span class=\"btn-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646<\/span><\/button>\n <button class=\"tool-btn\" id=\"btn-font-dec\" title=\"\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\">A-<\/button>\n <button class=\"tool-btn\" id=\"btn-font-reset\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\">A<\/button>\n <button class=\"tool-btn\" id=\"btn-font-inc\" title=\"\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\">A+<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <\/nav>\n\n <header class=\"hero\">\n <h1>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629:<br>\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n <div class=\"author\">\n <i class=\"fa-solid fa-pen-nib\"><\/i> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\n <\/div>\n <\/header>\n\n <main class=\"article-main\">\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-intro\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/h2>\n <p>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629: \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0630\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0640 1.4% \u0641\u064a 2024 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a 2023\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n <p>\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u062d\u062d \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645. \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 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\u0644\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-info\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646<\/h2>\n <p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 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\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <div class=\"scroll-image-showcase\">\n <div class=\"scroll-image-frame\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width='_w_'%20height='_h_'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%20_w_%20_h_'%2F%3E\" data-czlz data-src=\"https:\/\/accountability.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Editorial_collage_of_economic_st\u2026_20260914151144.jpeg\" alt=\"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\" class=\"scroll-image-img\">\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-budget\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0645\u0646 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42\/100 \u0641\u064a 2021 \u0625\u0644\u0649 16\/100 \u0641\u064a 2023. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a 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\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-invest\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/h2>\n <p>\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d. 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\n <div class=\"scroll-image-showcase\">\n <div class=\"scroll-image-frame\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width='_w_'%20height='_h_'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%20_w_%20_h_'%2F%3E\" data-czlz data-src=\"https:\/\/accountability.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Editorial_collage_about_public_a\u2026_2K_20260914152150.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\" class=\"scroll-image-img\">\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-press\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629: \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n <p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 129 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 180 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 11 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n <p>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641. \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629. \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-corruption\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a: \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629.<\/h2>\n <p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n <p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 39\/100 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 91 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 182\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 67% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u064e\u0651\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n <p>\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629: \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0643\u0629. \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <div class=\"scroll-image-showcase\">\n <div class=\"scroll-image-frame\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width='_w_'%20height='_h_'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%20_w_%20_h_'%2F%3E\" data-czlz data-src=\"https:\/\/accountability.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Investigative_editorial_collage_\u2026_2K_20260914152212.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\" class=\"scroll-image-img\">\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-bureaucracy\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641: \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631.<\/h2>\n <p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u061b \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n <p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629: \u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n <p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645: \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-innovation\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0645\u062a<\/h2>\n <p>\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n <p>\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 76 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a 2025\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 96 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n <p>\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627: \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <div class=\"scroll-image-showcase\">\n <div class=\"scroll-image-frame\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width='_w_'%20height='_h_'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%20_w_%20_h_'%2F%3E\" data-czlz data-src=\"https:\/\/accountability.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Creating_investigative_editorial\u2026_2K_20260914152348.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\" class=\"scroll-image-img\">\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-migration\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d<\/h2>\n <p>\u064a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n <p>\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 16.2% \u0641\u064a 2024 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 40%. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n <p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-freedom\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627\u2026 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629<\/h2>\n <p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 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\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n <p>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a Heritage Foundation \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 49.1\/100 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2025\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 149 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064811 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 14 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 2026\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 48.1\/100\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 156 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n <p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 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data-src=\"https:\/\/accountability.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Investigative_editorial_collage_\u2026_2K_20260914152348.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649\" class=\"scroll-image-img\">\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-parallel\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629: \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0647.<\/h2>\n <p>\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 40% \u064860% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n <p>\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631. \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642: \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n \n \n <div class=\"scroll-image-showcase\">\n <div class=\"scroll-image-frame\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width='_w_'%20height='_h_'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%20_w_%20_h_'%2F%3E\" data-czlz data-src=\"https:\/\/accountability.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Editorial_collage_about_migratio\u2026_2K_20260914152349.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629\" class=\"scroll-image-img\">\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-conclusion\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629: \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648<\/h2>\n <p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0637\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n <p>\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644 1.4% \u0646\u0645\u0648\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064816\/100 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648129\/180 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064839\/100 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n <p style=\"font-weight: bold; color: var(--accent-primary); font-size: 1.3em; margin-top: 30px; text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <div class=\"scroll-image-showcase\">\n <div class=\"scroll-image-frame\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width='_w_'%20height='_h_'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%20_w_%20_h_'%2F%3E\" data-czlz data-src=\"https:\/\/accountability.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Creating_bureaucratic_documentar\u2026_2K_20260914152349.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\" class=\"scroll-image-img\">\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <section class=\"summary-section\">\n <h2>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n <div class=\"summary-grid\">\n \n <div class=\"summary-card\">\n <h4>\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629: \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647<\/h4>\n <p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 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\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"summary-card\">\n <h4>\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d: \u0645\u0646 42 \u0625\u0644\u0649 16\u2026 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629<\/h4>\n <p>\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 42\/100 \u0641\u064a 2021 \u0625\u0644\u0649 16\/100 \u0641\u064a 2023 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"summary-card\">\n <h4>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629: \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/h4>\n <p>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 129 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631. \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"summary-card\">\n <h4>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a: \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629<\/h4>\n <p>\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 39\/100 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f 67% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u061f<\/h4>\n <p>\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 76 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 96 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"summary-card\">\n <h4>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0631<\/h4>\n <p>\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 16.2% \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 40%\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"summary-card\">\n <h4>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629: \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0647<\/h4>\n <p>\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 35% \u064860% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u060c \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629: \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"summary-card\">\n <h4>\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u063a\u0629: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u2026 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633<\/h4>\n <p>\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"summary-card\">\n <h4>\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u2026 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h4>\n <p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648. \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637: \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u2026 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <\/main>\n\n <script>\n \/\/ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\n const btnTheme = document.getElementById('btn-theme');\n const btnText = btnTheme.querySelector('.btn-text');\n const iconTheme = btnTheme.querySelector('i');\n\n btnTheme.addEventListener('click', () => {\n const currentTheme = document.body.getAttribute('data-theme');\n if (currentTheme === 'dark') {\n document.body.removeAttribute('data-theme');\n btnText.textContent = '\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646';\n iconTheme.className = 'fa-solid fa-moon';\n } else {\n document.body.setAttribute('data-theme', 'dark');\n btnText.textContent = '\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d';\n iconTheme.className = 'fa-solid fa-sun';\n }\n });\n\n \/\/ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\n let currentFontSize = 20;\n const btnFontDec = document.getElementById('btn-font-dec');\n const btnFontReset = document.getElementById('btn-font-reset');\n const btnFontInc = document.getElementById('btn-font-inc');\n\n btnFontDec.addEventListener('click', () => {\n if (currentFontSize > 16) {\n currentFontSize -= 2;\n document.body.style.fontSize = currentFontSize + 'px';\n }\n });\n\n btnFontReset.addEventListener('click', () => {\n currentFontSize = 20;\n document.body.style.fontSize = currentFontSize + 'px';\n });\n\n btnFontInc.addEventListener('click', () => {\n if (currentFontSize < 28) {\n currentFontSize += 2;\n document.body.style.fontSize = currentFontSize + 'px';\n }\n });\n\n \/\/ 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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n \n \n \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629: \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/title>\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Cairo:wght@400;600;700;800;900&family=Tajawal:wght@400;500;700;800&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/font-awesome\/6.4.0\/css\/all.min.css\">\n \n <style>\n @font-face {\n font-family: 'Janna LT Arabic';\n src: local('Janna LT Arabic'), local('JannaLT-Regular');\n font-weight: normal;\n }\n @font-face {\n font-family: 'Janna LT Arabic';\n src: local('Janna LT Arabic Bold'), 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background-color 0.35s ease, color 0.35s ease, border-color 0.35s ease;\n }\n\n body {\n font-family: 'Janna LT Arabic', 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', sans-serif;\n background-color: var(--bg-body);\n color: var(--text-main);\n line-height: 2.15;\n font-size: 20px;\n overflow-x: hidden;\n width: 100%;\n }\n\n #reading-progress {\n position: fixed;\n top: 0;\n right: 0;\n height: 5px;\n background: linear-gradient(90deg, #1d4ed8, #f59e0b, #fbbf24);\n width: 0%;\n z-index: 10000;\n transition: width 0.1s ease;\n }\n\n .navbar {\n position: sticky;\n top: 0;\n background-color: var(--bg-card);\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);\n padding: 12px 4%;\n display: flex;\n justify-content: space-between;\n align-items: center;\n z-index: 1000;\n box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);\n width: 100%;\n }\n\n .navbar-brand {\n font-weight: 900;\n font-size: 1.3rem;\n color: var(--accent-primary);\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 12px;\n text-decoration: none;\n }\n\n .navbar-brand i { color: var(--accent-gold); font-size: 1.5rem; }\n .navbar-tools { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n\n .tool-btn {\n background: var(--bg-body); border: 1px solid var(--border-color); color: var(--text-main);\n padding: 7px 16px; border-radius: 10px; cursor: pointer;\n font-family: 'Janna LT Arabic', 'Cairo', sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 0.95rem; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;\n }\n .tool-btn:hover { border-color: var(--accent-gold); color: var(--accent-gold); }\n\n .hero {\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, #020617 0%, #1e3a8a 100%);\n padding: 110px 4% 90px 4%; text-align: center; position: relative; overflow: hidden; width: 100%;\n }\n .hero::after {\n content: \"\"; position: absolute; bottom: -50px; left: -10%; width: 120%; height: 100px;\n background: var(--bg-body); transform: rotate(-1.5deg);\n }\n \/* \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b *\/\n .hero h1 { \n color: #ffffff !important;\n font-size: 3.2rem; \n font-weight: 900; \n margin-bottom: 20px; \n line-height: 1.4; \n text-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.5); \n max-width: 1300px; \n margin-left: auto; \n margin-right: auto; \n }\n .hero .author { font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--accent-gold); margin-top: 20px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; gap: 10px; }\n\n .toc-top-container { width: 90%; max-width: 1400px; margin: 40px auto 50px auto; background: transparent; padding: 10px; }\n .toc-top-container h3 { font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 900; margin-bottom: 25px; color: var(--accent-primary); display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--accent-gold); padding-bottom: 15px; }\n .toc-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr)); gap: 15px; list-style: none; }\n .toc-grid a { text-decoration: none; color: var(--text-main); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.1rem; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; padding: 14px 20px; border-radius: 12px; background: var(--bg-card); border: 1px solid var(--border-color); transition: all 0.3s ease; box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }\n .toc-grid a:hover { background: rgba(29, 78, 216, 0.05); color: var(--accent-primary); border-color: var(--accent-primary); transform: translateY(-4px); box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); }\n\n .article-main { width: 90%; max-width: 1100px; margin: 0 auto; padding-bottom: 80px; }\n .article-section { background: transparent; border: none; padding: 20px 0 40px 0; scroll-margin-top: 100px; width: 100%; }\n .article-section h2 { font-size: 2.2rem; font-weight: 900; color: var(--accent-primary); margin-bottom: 30px; position: relative; padding-right: 25px; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 40px; }\n .article-section h2::before { content: \"\"; position: absolute; top: 5px; right: 0; width: 8px; height: calc(100% - 10px); background: var(--accent-gold); border-radius: 6px; }\n .article-section p { margin-bottom: 28px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2.3; font-size: 1.15em; color: var(--text-main); }\n \n .scroll-image-showcase { margin: 70px 0; perspective: 1500px; width: 100vw; position: relative; left: 50%; right: 50%; margin-left: -50vw; margin-right: -50vw; }\n .scroll-image-frame { position: relative; height: 75vh; width: 100%; border-radius: 0; overflow: hidden; background-color: var(--bg-header); transform-style: preserve-3d; transform: rotateX(15deg) scale(0.92) translateY(50px); filter: blur(15px) brightness(0.4); transition: transform 1.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), filter 1.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1); }\n .scroll-image-showcase.in-view .scroll-image-frame { transform: rotateX(0deg) scale(1) translateY(0px); filter: blur(0px) brightness(1); }\n .scroll-image-img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; transition: transform 2s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1); }\n .scroll-image-showcase:hover .scroll-image-img { transform: scale(1.04); }\n\n .summary-section { margin-top: 80px; padding-top: 40px; border-top: 2px dashed var(--border-color); }\n .summary-section h2 { text-align: center; font-size: 2.2rem; font-weight: 900; color: var(--accent-primary); margin-bottom: 40px; }\n .summary-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr)); gap: 25px; }\n .summary-card { background: var(--bg-card); border: 1px solid var(--border-color); padding: 30px; border-radius: var(--radius-md); box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); transition: transform 0.3s ease, border-color 0.3s ease; position: relative; overflow: hidden; }\n .summary-card::before { content: ''; position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; width: 5px; height: 100%; background: var(--accent-gold); }\n .summary-card:hover { transform: translateY(-8px); border-color: var(--accent-gold); box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); }\n .summary-card h4 { color: var(--accent-primary); font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 800; margin-bottom: 15px; line-height: 1.5; }\n .summary-card p { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.8; margin-bottom: 0; color: var(--text-main); }\n\n @media (max-width: 768px) {\n .hero h1 { font-size: 2.1rem; }\n .article-section h2 { font-size: 1.8rem; }\n .scroll-image-frame { height: 45vh; }\n .toc-top-container { width: 95%; margin: 20px auto; }\n .article-main { width: 95%; }\n .summary-section h2 { font-size: 1.8rem; }\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n <div id=\"reading-progress\"><\/div>\n\n <nav class=\"navbar\">\n <a href=\"#\" class=\"navbar-brand\">\n <i class=\"fa-solid fa-scale-balanced\"><\/i>\n <span>\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <div class=\"navbar-tools\">\n <button class=\"tool-btn\" id=\"btn-theme\" title=\"\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\"><i class=\"fa-solid fa-moon\"><\/i><span class=\"btn-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646<\/span><\/button>\n <button class=\"tool-btn\" id=\"btn-font-dec\" title=\"\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\">A-<\/button>\n <button class=\"tool-btn\" id=\"btn-font-reset\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\">A<\/button>\n <button class=\"tool-btn\" id=\"btn-font-inc\" title=\"\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\">A+<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <\/nav>\n\n <header class=\"hero\">\n <h1>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629:<br>\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n <div class=\"author\">\n <i class=\"fa-solid fa-pen-nib\"><\/i> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\n <\/div>\n <\/header>\n\n <main class=\"article-main\">\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-intro\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/h2>\n <p>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629: \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0630\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0640 1.4% \u0641\u064a 2024 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a 2023\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n <p>\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u062d\u062d \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645. \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-info\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646<\/h2>\n <p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 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\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <div class=\"scroll-image-showcase\">\n <div class=\"scroll-image-frame\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width='_w_'%20height='_h_'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%20_w_%20_h_'%2F%3E\" data-czlz data-src=\"https:\/\/accountability.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Editorial_collage_of_economic_st\u2026_20260914151144.jpeg\" alt=\"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\" class=\"scroll-image-img\">\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-budget\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/h2>\n <p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 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42\/100 \u0641\u064a 2021 \u0625\u0644\u0649 16\/100 \u0641\u064a 2023. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a 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\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-invest\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/h2>\n <p>\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d. 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\n <div class=\"scroll-image-showcase\">\n <div class=\"scroll-image-frame\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width='_w_'%20height='_h_'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%20_w_%20_h_'%2F%3E\" data-czlz data-src=\"https:\/\/accountability.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Editorial_collage_about_public_a\u2026_2K_20260914152150.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\" class=\"scroll-image-img\">\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-press\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629: \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n <p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 129 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 180 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 11 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n <p>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641. \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629. \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-corruption\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a: \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629.<\/h2>\n <p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n <p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 39\/100 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 91 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 182\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 67% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u064e\u0651\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n <p>\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629: \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0643\u0629. \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <div class=\"scroll-image-showcase\">\n <div class=\"scroll-image-frame\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width='_w_'%20height='_h_'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%20_w_%20_h_'%2F%3E\" data-czlz data-src=\"https:\/\/accountability.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Investigative_editorial_collage_\u2026_2K_20260914152212.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\" class=\"scroll-image-img\">\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-bureaucracy\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641: \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631.<\/h2>\n <p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u061b \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n <p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629: \u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n <p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645: \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-innovation\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0645\u062a<\/h2>\n <p>\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n <p>\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 76 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a 2025\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 96 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n <p>\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627: \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <div class=\"scroll-image-showcase\">\n <div class=\"scroll-image-frame\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width='_w_'%20height='_h_'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%20_w_%20_h_'%2F%3E\" data-czlz data-src=\"https:\/\/accountability.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Creating_investigative_editorial\u2026_2K_20260914152348.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\" class=\"scroll-image-img\">\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-migration\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d<\/h2>\n <p>\u064a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n <p>\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 16.2% \u0641\u064a 2024 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 40%. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n <p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"sec-freedom\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627\u2026 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629<\/h2>\n <p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 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\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n <p>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a Heritage Foundation \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 49.1\/100 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2025\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 149 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064811 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 14 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 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<h2>\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629: \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648<\/h2>\n <p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0643\u0634\u0641 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center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <div class=\"scroll-image-showcase\">\n <div class=\"scroll-image-frame\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width='_w_'%20height='_h_'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%20_w_%20_h_'%2F%3E\" data-czlz data-src=\"https:\/\/accountability.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Creating_bureaucratic_documentar\u2026_2K_20260914152349.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\" class=\"scroll-image-img\">\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <section class=\"summary-section\">\n <h2>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n <div class=\"summary-grid\">\n \n <div class=\"summary-card\">\n <h4>\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629: \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647<\/h4>\n <p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 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\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"summary-card\">\n <h4>\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d: \u0645\u0646 42 \u0625\u0644\u0649 16\u2026 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629<\/h4>\n <p>\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 42\/100 \u0641\u064a 2021 \u0625\u0644\u0649 16\/100 \u0641\u064a 2023 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 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\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"summary-card\">\n <h4>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629: \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/h4>\n <p>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 129 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631. \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"summary-card\">\n <h4>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a: \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629<\/h4>\n <p>\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 39\/100 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f 67% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"summary-card\">\n <h4>\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641: \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/h4>\n <p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u061f<\/h4>\n <p>\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 76 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 96 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"summary-card\">\n <h4>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629: \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628 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