{"id":2856,"date":"2026-08-18T01:42:01","date_gmt":"2026-08-18T01:42:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/accountability.tn\/?p=2856"},"modified":"2026-08-18T01:59:21","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T01:59:21","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%b6-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/accountability.tn\/en\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%b6-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n \n \n \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633<\/title>\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Cairo:wght@400;600;700;800;900&family=Tajawal:wght@400;500;700;800&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n <script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/chart.js\"><\/script>\n <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/font-awesome\/6.4.0\/css\/all.min.css\">\n \n <style>\n \/* \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0637 Janna LT Arabic *\/\n @font-face {\n font-family: 'Janna LT Arabic';\n src: local('Janna LT Arabic'), local('JannaLT-Regular');\n font-weight: normal;\n }\n @font-face {\n font-family: 'Janna LT Arabic';\n src: local('Janna LT Arabic Bold'), local('JannaLT-Bold');\n font-weight: bold;\n }\n\n :root {\n \/* \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631: \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 *\/\n --bg-body: #f4f8f5;\n --bg-card: #ffffff;\n --bg-header: #14532d;\n --text-main: #1e293b;\n --text-muted: #475569;\n --accent-primary: #166534; \/* \u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 *\/\n --accent-gold: #22c55e; \/* \u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 *\/\n --accent-danger: #ef4444; \n --border-color: #d1d5db;\n --shadow-md: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.1), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);\n --shadow-lg: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1), 0 4px 6px -2px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);\n --radius-lg: 16px;\n --radius-md: 12px;\n }\n\n \/* \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646: \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0635 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b *\/\n [data-theme=\"dark\"] {\n --bg-body: #05100a;\n --bg-card: #0b1f14;\n --bg-header: #021a11;\n --text-main: #ffffff; \/* \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 *\/\n --text-muted: #e2e8f0;\n --accent-primary: #4ade80; \/* \u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u062f *\/\n --accent-gold: #22c55e;\n --accent-danger: #f87171;\n --border-color: #1a3324;\n --shadow-md: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.7);\n --shadow-lg: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0,0,0,0.8);\n }\n\n * {\n box-sizing: border-box;\n margin: 0;\n padding: 0;\n transition: background-color 0.35s ease, color 0.35s ease, border-color 0.35s ease;\n }\n\n body {\n font-family: 'Janna LT Arabic', 'Cairo', 'Tajawal', sans-serif;\n background-color: var(--bg-body);\n color: var(--text-main);\n line-height: 2.15;\n font-size: 20px;\n overflow-x: hidden;\n width: 100%;\n }\n\n \/* \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 *\/\n #reading-progress {\n position: fixed;\n top: 0;\n right: 0;\n height: 5px;\n background: linear-gradient(90deg, #166534, #22c55e, #4ade80);\n width: 0%;\n z-index: 10000;\n transition: width 0.1s ease;\n }\n\n \/* \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a *\/\n .navbar {\n position: sticky;\n top: 0;\n background-color: var(--bg-card);\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);\n padding: 12px 4%;\n display: flex;\n justify-content: space-between;\n align-items: center;\n z-index: 1000;\n box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);\n width: 100%;\n }\n\n .navbar-brand {\n font-weight: 900;\n font-size: 1.3rem;\n color: var(--accent-primary);\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 12px;\n text-decoration: none;\n }\n\n .navbar-brand i {\n color: var(--accent-gold);\n font-size: 1.5rem;\n }\n\n .navbar-tools {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 12px;\n flex-wrap: wrap;\n }\n\n .tool-btn {\n background: var(--bg-body);\n border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\n color: var(--text-main);\n padding: 7px 16px;\n border-radius: 10px;\n cursor: pointer;\n font-family: 'Janna LT Arabic', 'Cairo', sans-serif;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 0.95rem;\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 8px;\n }\n\n .tool-btn:hover {\n border-color: var(--accent-gold);\n color: var(--accent-gold);\n }\n\n \/* \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a (Title Section) *\/\n .hero {\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, #064e3b 0%, #166534 100%);\n color: #ffffff;\n padding: 110px 4% 90px 4%;\n text-align: center;\n position: relative;\n overflow: hidden;\n width: 100%;\n }\n\n .hero::after {\n content: \"\";\n position: absolute;\n bottom: -50px;\n left: -10%;\n width: 120%;\n height: 100px;\n background: var(--bg-body);\n transform: rotate(-1.5deg);\n }\n\n .hero h1 {\n font-size: 3.5rem;\n font-weight: 900;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n line-height: 1.4;\n color: #ffffff;\n text-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);\n max-width: 1300px;\n margin-left: auto;\n margin-right: auto;\n }\n\n \/* \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a (Top TOC) *\/\n .toc-top-container {\n width: 90%;\n max-width: 1400px;\n margin: 40px auto 50px auto;\n background: transparent; \/* \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642 *\/\n padding: 10px;\n }\n\n .toc-top-container h3 {\n font-size: 1.5rem;\n font-weight: 900;\n margin-bottom: 25px;\n color: var(--accent-primary);\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 12px;\n border-bottom: 2px solid var(--accent-gold);\n padding-bottom: 15px;\n display: inline-flex;\n }\n\n .toc-grid {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));\n gap: 15px;\n list-style: none;\n }\n\n .toc-grid a {\n text-decoration: none;\n color: var(--text-main);\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 1.1rem;\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 12px;\n padding: 14px 20px;\n border-radius: 12px;\n background: var(--bg-card);\n border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\n transition: all 0.3s ease;\n box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);\n }\n\n .toc-grid a:hover {\n background: rgba(34, 197, 94, 0.1);\n color: var(--accent-gold);\n border-color: var(--accent-gold);\n transform: translateY(-4px);\n box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);\n }\n\n \/* \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062a - \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0621 *\/\n .article-main {\n width: 90%;\n max-width: 1300px; \/* \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 *\/\n margin: 0 auto;\n padding-bottom: 80px;\n }\n\n .article-section {\n background: transparent;\n border: none;\n box-shadow: none;\n padding: 20px 0 40px 0;\n scroll-margin-top: 100px;\n width: 100%;\n }\n\n .article-section h2 {\n font-size: 2.4rem;\n font-weight: 900;\n color: var(--accent-primary);\n margin-bottom: 30px;\n position: relative;\n padding-right: 25px;\n line-height: 1.5;\n margin-top: 40px;\n }\n\n .article-section h2::before {\n content: \"\";\n position: absolute;\n top: 5px;\n right: 0;\n width: 8px;\n height: calc(100% - 10px);\n background: var(--accent-gold);\n border-radius: 6px;\n }\n\n .article-section p {\n margin-bottom: 28px;\n text-align: justify;\n line-height: 2.3;\n font-size: 1.15em;\n color: var(--text-main);\n }\n\n \/* \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 *\/\n .chart-box {\n background: var(--bg-card);\n border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\n border-radius: var(--radius-md);\n padding: 30px;\n margin: 50px 0;\n box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);\n width: 100%;\n }\n\n .chart-header {\n display: flex;\n justify-content: space-between;\n align-items: center;\n margin-bottom: 25px;\n flex-wrap: wrap;\n gap: 12px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);\n padding-bottom: 15px;\n }\n\n .chart-header h4 {\n font-size: 1.3rem;\n font-weight: 800;\n color: var(--text-main);\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 10px;\n }\n\n .chart-badge {\n background: rgba(34, 197, 94, 0.2);\n color: var(--accent-gold);\n font-size: 0.9rem;\n font-weight: 800;\n padding: 5px 14px;\n border-radius: 25px;\n }\n\n .chart-canvas-wrapper {\n position: relative;\n height: 420px;\n width: 100%;\n }\n\n \/* =========================================================================\n \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0645 (Full Bleed 100vw) \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 3D \u0648 Blur-to-Clear\n ========================================================================= *\/\n .scroll-image-showcase {\n margin: 70px 0;\n perspective: 1500px;\n \/* \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 *\/\n width: 100vw;\n position: relative;\n left: 50%;\n right: 50%;\n margin-left: -50vw;\n margin-right: -50vw;\n }\n\n .scroll-image-frame {\n position: relative;\n height: 75vh; \/* \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0623 75% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 *\/\n width: 100%;\n border-radius: 0;\n overflow: hidden;\n background-color: var(--bg-header);\n transform-style: preserve-3d;\n \/* \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a: \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 *\/\n transform: rotateX(15deg) scale(0.92) translateY(50px);\n filter: blur(15px) brightness(0.4);\n transition: transform 1.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), filter 1.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);\n }\n\n \/* \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 *\/\n .scroll-image-showcase.in-view .scroll-image-frame {\n transform: rotateX(0deg) scale(1) translateY(0px);\n filter: blur(0px) brightness(1);\n }\n\n .scroll-image-img {\n width: 100%;\n height: 100%;\n object-fit: cover;\n transition: transform 2s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);\n }\n\n \/* \u0632\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 *\/\n .scroll-image-showcase:hover .scroll-image-img {\n transform: scale(1.06);\n }\n\n \/* \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0644 *\/\n @media (max-width: 768px) {\n .hero h1 { font-size: 2.3rem; }\n .article-section h2 { font-size: 1.8rem; }\n .scroll-image-frame { height: 45vh; }\n .toc-top-container { width: 95%; margin: 20px auto; }\n .article-main { width: 95%; }\n .chart-canvas-wrapper { height: 320px; }\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n <div id=\"reading-progress\"><\/div>\n\n <nav class=\"navbar\">\n <a href=\"#\" class=\"navbar-brand\">\n <i class=\"fa-solid fa-leaf\"><\/i>\n <span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <div class=\"navbar-tools\">\n <button class=\"tool-btn\" id=\"btn-theme\" title=\"\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\">\n <i class=\"fa-solid fa-moon\"><\/i>\n <span class=\"btn-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646<\/span>\n <\/button>\n <button class=\"tool-btn\" id=\"btn-font-dec\" title=\"\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\">A-<\/button>\n <button class=\"tool-btn\" id=\"btn-font-reset\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\">A<\/button>\n <button class=\"tool-btn\" id=\"btn-font-inc\" title=\"\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\">A+<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <\/nav>\n\n <header class=\"hero\">\n <h1>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633<\/h1>\n <\/header>\n\n <section class=\"toc-top-container\">\n <h3><i class=\"fa-solid fa-list-ul\"><\/i> \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n <ul class=\"toc-grid\">\n <li><a href=\"#sec-intro\" onclick=\"scrollToSection('sec-intro')\"><i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-left\"><\/i> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#sec-numbers\" onclick=\"scrollToSection('sec-numbers')\"><i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-left\"><\/i> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0630\u0628<\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#sec-agri-rev\" onclick=\"scrollToSection('sec-agri-rev')\"><i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-left\"><\/i> \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641<\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#sec-health\" onclick=\"scrollToSection('sec-health')\"><i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-left\"><\/i> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#sec-legal\" onclick=\"scrollToSection('sec-legal')\"><i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-left\"><\/i> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/a><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/section>\n\n <main class=\"article-main\">\n\n <section id=\"sec-intro\" class=\"article-section\">\n <p>\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0634 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u062c\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 44 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n <p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627. <\/p>\n <p>\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\"\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n \n <div class=\"scroll-image-showcase\">\n <div class=\"scroll-image-frame\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width='_w_'%20height='_h_'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%20_w_%20_h_'%2F%3E\" data-czlz data-src=\"https:\/\/accountability.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Farmer_spraying_pesticides_on_crops_202608180246.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\" class=\"scroll-image-img\">\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section id=\"sec-numbers\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0630\u0628: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/h2>\n <p>\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 4161 \u0637\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 2022\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0647 \"\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\" \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0648\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 985 \u0637\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n \n <div class=\"chart-box\">\n <div class=\"chart-header\">\n <h4><i class=\"fa-solid fa-chart-column\"><\/i> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 (2022)<\/h4>\n <span class=\"chart-badge\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"chart-canvas-wrapper\" style=\"height: 250px;\">\n <canvas id=\"chartPesticideGap\"><\/canvas>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 70% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n \n <div class=\"scroll-image-showcase\">\n <div class=\"scroll-image-frame\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width='_w_'%20height='_h_'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%20_w_%20_h_'%2F%3E\" data-czlz data-src=\"https:\/\/accountability.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Collage_depicting_agricultural_w\u2026_202608180246.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629\" class=\"scroll-image-img\">\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section id=\"sec-health\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a<\/h2>\n <p>\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0633\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 130 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0640 \"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\" \u0633\u064f\u062c\u0650\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 1991 \u06482009\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 41.9% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629. <\/p>\n \n <div class=\"chart-box\">\n <div class=\"chart-header\">\n <h4><i class=\"fa-solid fa-skull-crossbones\"><\/i> \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0634\u0627\u062f (1991-2009)<\/h4>\n <span class=\"chart-badge\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"chart-canvas-wrapper\" style=\"height: 280px;\">\n <canvas id=\"chartPoisoningDemographics\"><\/canvas>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <p>\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 72% \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064861.5% \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u064862% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0646 92.3% \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n \n <div class=\"chart-box\">\n <div class=\"chart-header\">\n <h4><i class=\"fa-solid fa-mask-face\"><\/i> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 142 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644)<\/h4>\n <span class=\"chart-badge\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"chart-canvas-wrapper\" style=\"height: 350px;\">\n <canvas id=\"chartWorkerHealth\"><\/canvas>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a 142 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0646 66.2% \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064858.4% \u062a\u0647\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n <p>\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 48.6% \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064871.1% \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 96.5% \u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n \n <div class=\"scroll-image-showcase\">\n <div class=\"scroll-image-frame\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20width='_w_'%20height='_h_'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%20_w_%20_h_'%2F%3E\" data-czlz data-src=\"https:\/\/accountability.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Worker_handling_pesticide_withou\u2026_202608180246.jpeg\" alt=\"\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\" class=\"scroll-image-img\">\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section id=\"sec-legal\" class=\"article-section\">\n <h2>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a: \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/h2>\n <p>\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1975\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1988\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1996\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 25 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2019 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629. <\/p>\n <p>\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 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\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n <p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0647 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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0647\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u061f<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n <\/main>\n\n <script>\n \/\/ 1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\n const btnTheme = document.getElementById('btn-theme');\n const btnText = btnTheme.querySelector('.btn-text');\n const iconTheme = btnTheme.querySelector('i');\n\n btnTheme.addEventListener('click', () => {\n const currentTheme = document.body.getAttribute('data-theme');\n if (currentTheme === 'dark') {\n document.body.removeAttribute('data-theme');\n btnText.textContent = '\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646';\n iconTheme.className = 'fa-solid fa-moon';\n } else {\n document.body.setAttribute('data-theme', 'dark');\n btnText.textContent = '\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d';\n iconTheme.className = 'fa-solid fa-sun';\n }\n updateChartColors();\n });\n\n \/\/ 2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\n let currentFontSize = 20;\n const btnFontDec = document.getElementById('btn-font-dec');\n const btnFontReset = document.getElementById('btn-font-reset');\n const btnFontInc = document.getElementById('btn-font-inc');\n\n btnFontDec.addEventListener('click', () => {\n if (currentFontSize > 16) {\n currentFontSize -= 2;\n document.body.style.fontSize = currentFontSize + 'px';\n }\n });\n\n btnFontReset.addEventListener('click', () => {\n currentFontSize = 20;\n document.body.style.fontSize = currentFontSize + 'px';\n });\n\n btnFontInc.addEventListener('click', () => {\n if (currentFontSize < 28) {\n currentFontSize += 2;\n document.body.style.fontSize = currentFontSize + 'px';\n }\n });\n\n \/\/ 3. \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\n window.addEventListener('scroll', () => {\n const winScroll = document.body.scrollTop || document.documentElement.scrollTop;\n const height = document.documentElement.scrollHeight - document.documentElement.clientHeight;\n const scrolled = (winScroll \/ height) * 100;\n document.getElementById('reading-progress').style.width = scrolled + '%';\n });\n\n \/\/ 4. \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\n function scrollToSection(sectionId) {\n event.preventDefault();\n const elem = document.getElementById(sectionId);\n if (elem) {\n elem.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start' });\n }\n }\n\n \/\/ 5. \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a (IntersectionObserver)\n const imageShowcases = document.querySelectorAll('.scroll-image-showcase');\n if ('IntersectionObserver' in window) {\n const imageObserver = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {\n entries.forEach(entry => {\n if (entry.isIntersecting) {\n entry.target.classList.add('in-view');\n } else {\n \/\/ \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\n if (entry.boundingClientRect.top > 0) {\n entry.target.classList.remove('in-view');\n }\n }\n });\n }, {\n threshold: 0.25,\n rootMargin: \"0px 0px -50px 0px\"\n });\n\n imageShowcases.forEach(el => imageObserver.observe(el));\n } else {\n imageShowcases.forEach(el => el.classList.add('in-view'));\n }\n\n \/\/ 6. \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\n let charts = {};\n\n function initCharts() {\n const textColor = document.body.getAttribute('data-theme') === 'dark' ? '#ffffff' : '#1e293b';\n const gridColor = document.body.getAttribute('data-theme') === 'dark' ? 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